Oxygen Delivery Devices
Summary
This is a short basic introduction to the different oxygen delivery devices and other accessory equipment.
Nasal Cannula/Prongs
- Delivers 24-30% oxygen.
- Flow rate 1-4L/min. At 2L/min it is comfortable. More than that and it dries up the mucosa.
Venturi Masks
- Delivers 24-60% oxygen
- The mask comes in different colors, which will offer different delivery rates. However, these colors may differ from manufacturer to manufacturer. It is commonl used in patients with COPD, where we do not what to over-oxygenate the patient.
- Types:
- BLUE = 2-4L/min = 24% O2
- WHITE = 4-6L/min = 28% O2
- YELLOW = 8-10L/min = 35% O2
- RED = 10-12L/min = 40% O2
- GREEN = 12-15L/min = 60% O2
Non-Rebreather Masks
- Delivers 85-90% oxygen. Should use a flow rate of 15L/min. This mask has around 3 valves. Two valves on the side of the mask allow the expired gases to exit the mask without re-entering the mask itself. The third valve is between the bag and the mask which only allows fresh oxygen gas to enter the mask itself. This mechanism prevents rebreathing of the exhaled gases.
- Bag on the mask with valves stopping almost all rebreathing of expired air
High Flow Nasal Canula
- It is an oxygen supply system capable of delivering up to 100% humidified and heated oxygen at a flow rate of up to 60 liters per minute.
Non-Invasive Ventilation
This method of ventilation is for patients who are spontaneously ventilated. They are breathing on their own.
- Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP): This form of ventilation provides high-pressure air/oxygen and a tight-fitting mask is used. The high pressure is continued throughout inhalation and exhalation. This method of ventilation is used in acute pulmonary edema and sleep apnoea.
- Bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP): This is similar to CPAP, but the pressures are higher during inspiration and lower on expiration. This method of ventilation is used in COPD exacerbation and ARDS.
- Bag on the mask with valves stopping almost all rebreathing of expired air
Invasive Ventilation
- Invasive Ventilation is a form of ventilation where there is a need for access to the trachea. This is commonly done via the usage of an endotracheal tube.
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